Some interesting points are discussed in this thread. I am not surprised it has very political undertones because most people have ignored the common sense issues to jump on the blue team, or red team bandwagon. Being in the Oil industry myself, I am biased as well, but try to look at things from both sides to understand the whole debate.
Are EV's fun to drive, and give a different user experience than ICE vehicles? Absolutely! An EV gives you supercar performance for the 1/4 the cost!
Do they provide a solution for folks that want to transfer their money away from Oil and Gas companies toward Electric Utilities? Yes. But big bad oil companies are not anywhere near as cynical and evil as they are made out to be. They are for profit companies, like every other non government business, that are providing a service that keeps the world moving. Electricity companies have the same goals - operate a profitable business and provide a service to their customers. For the record, I am in favor of removing ALL subsidies for both electricity production and oil and gas industries. Stop using our tax money to subsidize these industries and let them stand on their own.
Do EV's have a place in our transportation system? Absolutely! They fit a niche that can help with the general goal of offering options for consumers, and work very well in places that have been outlined already for commuters and errand running.
Are they the end all, be all, of vehicle and transportation needs? Hell no! There are far too many issues with charging, longevity, range, and other issues for them to replace ICE vehicles 100%.
Are EV's saving the planet? Absolutely not. You are truly lying to yourself if you say you are driving an EV to save the planet. Are there fewer emissions from driving and commuting in an EV? Yes, the vehicle itself does not emit, but you are ignoring all the other environmental impacts that come from producing the vehicle and powering the vehicle.
Anyone willing to look at the discussion from a common sense standpoint (both sides of the political spectrum) will see that EV's are WORSE for the planet than ICE vehicles at this time. Maybe that changes in the future, but it simply isn't the case today.
For a biased, but fact based book, I highly recommend reading Fossil Future by Alex Epstein. For a biased watch, also presenting facts, watch Planet of the Humans by Michael Moore. Surprisingly, both the book and the movie point out the same fallacies and issues with "Green" energy, but come to different conclusions (a topic for another thread).
First, let's take a closer look at batteries. Lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite are all essential materials for lithium-ion batteries, but their extraction can have serious environmental and social consequences.
- Cobalt Mining: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) produces around 60% of the world’s cobalt, and mining practices in the region are often associated with human rights violations, including child labor and unsafe working conditions. Environmentally, mining cobalt also leads to deforestation, pollution, and soil degradation. According to a study by the European Commission, cobalt mining contributes significantly to the environmental footprint of electric vehicles.
- A report from the Environmental Impact of Lithium Extraction (2020) highlights the significant environmental impact of lithium mining, including water contamination and depletion of local aquifers.
- According to the International Nickel Study Group (2021), the extraction of nickel can lead to massive landscape destruction, toxic tailings, and pollution of nearby water sources.
Producing batteries, especially large batteries for longer-range vehicles, is an energy-intensive process. A study by
ICCT (International Council on Clean Transportation) in 2020 found that manufacturing an EV produces significantly more carbon emissions than producing an ICE vehicle.
- Battery Manufacturing Carbon Footprint: Producing a lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 50 kWh can result in emissions between 61 to 106 kg of CO2 per kWh of battery capacity, depending on the energy mix used in the manufacturing process. This means that a 50 kWh battery can have an initial carbon footprint of around 3,050 to 5,300 kg of CO2 before the vehicle is even driven, a stark contrast to the production of a conventional ICE vehicle, which typically emits about 6,000-8,000 kg of CO2 during production.
The long-term environmental costs of EVs also include the disposal and recycling of used batteries. While battery recycling technologies are advancing, they are still not as efficient or widespread as necessary to deal with the growing number of EV batteries at the end of their life.
- Inefficient Recycling: Current lithium-ion battery recycling methods are energy-intensive and inefficient. According to the International Resource Panel (IRP), the recycling rate for lithium-ion batteries is less than 5% globally, leading to an accumulation of waste.
- Recycling Footprint: Even when batteries are recycled, the process still has a significant carbon footprint. A 2019 study from the University of Birmingham found that the carbon footprint of recycling lithium-ion batteries could still be as high as 2,500 kg of CO2 per ton of battery material processed, depending on the method used. This could contribute to greater emissions than simply continuing to operate an ICE vehicle, especially if the battery is not recycled efficiently.
The raw material extraction for batteries, the carbon-intensive nature of battery production, the reliance on fossil fuels for electricity in some regions, and the difficulties associated with battery disposal and recycling all point to the fact that EVs have significant environmental impacts. In many places, these impacts may outweigh the benefits, making EVs
worse for the environment than their ICE counterparts currently.
Now let's look at the false narrative that Solar and Wind are our saviors. There has already been a discussion about this, with Corban chiming in and providing insight from AZ.
In
Fossil Future, Alex Epstein challenges the narrative that wind and solar are cheaper than natural gas and nuclear. This narrative is both misleading and shortsighted, driven by surface-level comparisons and ignoring the hidden costs and complexities of renewable energy. Epstein shows that while wind and solar may appear cheaper on paper, they are actually far more expensive when you consider the full picture.
As Corban pointed out, to ensure reliable electricity supply, wind and solar require backup power from dispatchable sources—typically natural gas or coal plants, which can be turned on or off as needed. A study from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that for every megawatt of wind or solar capacity, approximately 0.5 megawatts of backup natural gas capacity is needed to maintain grid reliability. In some regions, this can mean building or maintaining additional gas plants that are only used intermittently. This backup infrastructure doesn’t come for free. A 2020 study from the
Journal of Cleaner Production estimated that integrating high levels of renewables into the grid could increase the overall cost of electricity by 20-50% due to the need for backup and energy storage.
Additionally, energy storage solutions like batteries, which are often touted as a way to solve the intermittency problem, come at a high cost. The cost of utility-scale battery storage, according to the EIA, is about $350 per kilowatt-hour (kWh) in 2024, and it’s expected to remain expensive for the foreseeable future. To store enough energy to reliably supply power through the night, for example, would require vast amounts of expensive battery capacity. The high cost of storage further drives up the overall cost of wind and solar when integrated into the grid, not to mention the same battery issues outlined above relating to EV's.
Even when we ignore backup and storage costs, wind and solar still fail to deliver the kind of
reliable power we need. Natural gas plants, in contrast, are flexible and can provide power on demand, making them ideal for balancing supply and demand at all times. According to the
Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), during periods of high demand, gas-fired plants often ramp up to provide critical peaking power. In fact, during the February 2021 winter storm in Texas, gas and nuclear plants were the primary sources of power when wind and solar generation plunged due to freezing temperatures. Wind and solar could not meet the demand, highlighting their failure as reliable, baseload power sources.
The true cost of energy is also impacted by the lifespan and maintenance costs of different power sources. Wind turbines have an average lifespan of 20-25 years, with ongoing maintenance costs that can add up over time. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the annual operation and maintenance costs for wind turbines can range from $10 to $20 per MWh. Solar panels typically last 25-30 years but also require maintenance, and the cost of replacing inverters (which generally last 10-15 years) adds up.
In contrast, nuclear plants, despite their high initial capital costs, have an operational lifespan of 60 years or more, with relatively low ongoing maintenance costs. A study by the
Nuclear Energy Institute found that nuclear plants have some of the lowest maintenance costs of any power generation technology, averaging just $15 per MWh in operating expenses. Over the long term, nuclear power offers more stable costs because of its durability and the ability to generate a consistent, high output of power.
Another key point Epstein emphasizes is that the environmental costs of wind and solar are often downplayed. Just like the discussion about batteries for EV's, wind turbines require rare earth metals like neodymium and dysprosium, which are mined in environmentally destructive ways, often in countries with poor labor standards. Similarly, solar panels rely on materials like silicon, cadmium, and tellurium, and their production process generates significant CO2 emissions.
Moreover, the disposal of solar panels and wind turbines at the end of their lifespan presents another environmental challenge. A report from the
European Commission in 2020 found that the recycling of wind turbine blades is problematic, and the disposal of large quantities of blades in landfills could lead to significant environmental harm over time. The US is solving this problem by shipping our spend panels and blades to India for disposal, continuing the thought that if we aren't killing the environment in the US, we aren't harming the planet...
When you factor in the costs of intermittency, storage, backup power, and the environmental impact of production and disposal, the economic case for wind and solar energy falls flat. While natural gas and nuclear power may have higher upfront costs, they provide reliable, consistent, and long-lasting energy. It appears that the correct path forward is a mix of all available power sources where each makes sense, but likely MUCH more nuclear.
The false narrative that wind and solar are inherently cheaper and better for the environment than fossil fuels and nuclear power overlooks these critical factors, leaving us with an incomplete and misleading picture of the true costs of energy. Epstein’s central argument is that, to build a truly affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy future, we must focus on technologies that can deliver high levels of dependable power without the hidden costs and risks of unreliable renewables. And that, in many cases, means embracing fossil fuels and nuclear power, not pushing them aside in favor of political or ideological goals.